What is This Stamp Collection Worth?

One of the most commonly asked questions I "hear" in online forums and newsgroups fits into one of the following forms: The intent of this page is to convey some information that will be helpful in your getting these questions answered.

Index


Introduction

I'm going to use some terms and I'd like to define what I mean by them throughout this document. The term philatelic item refers to a philatelic or postage stamp related object. It can a single stamp, a cover, a document with some postal history interest, a stock book or stamp album with some stamps in it, an accumulated hoard (like a large trunk full of stamps, covers, papers, envelopes, etc.), a "grab bag" or "surprise box" of philatelic material, or a collection consisting of one or more of the previously-mentioned philatelic items. A collection of 100 stamps can be treated as a single philatelic item (the collection), as 100 philatelic items (each stamp individually), or a number of philatelic lots that consist of some of the 100 stamps.

The term lot is usually used in the context of an auction or mail sale ... everything that is described and sold together for one price is considered a lot. Dealers often will take a large philatelic item, such as a collection, and break it up into lots.

The topic of this page is the value or the worth of a philatelic item. This is a most difficult term to define in a common, abstract fashion. Let us start with an extremely technical definition of value, from the dictionary, and then apply that to the realm of stamp collecting. value (n) has three relevant definitions in Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary:

  1. : a fair return or equivalent in goods, services, or money for something exchanged
  2. : the monetary worth of something : marketable price
  3. : relative worth, utility, or importance : degree of excellence <had nothing of ~ to say>
My own personal definition of the value of a philatelic item goes something like this:

That definition is very technical, and is probably useless in helping you decide what to do with a collection, or how much is right to sell it for. You must bear with me on this, because one must remember that most philatelic items have no intrinsic value. Unused mint postage stamps that are still postally valid for postage are the one exception to this statement. They are, in essence, a receipt for prepayment of postage in the country of issue, and have the intrinsic value of their face value, if used to post mail. However, some markets for such material are so glutted that unused postage sells for a discount of face value. A good example of this are mint USA sheets of stamps from the mid-Twentieth Century.

Most philatelic items are only of value to the individuals who collect them, deal in them, or study them. You can't go to your neighborhood Starbuck's with a stockbook of British Penny Black stamps and expect to buy a cup of Latte with them (unless you happen to meet a collector there who buys them from you). Stamps and stamp collections have no value to non-philatelists.

Having said that, I should quickly add that some philatelic items have sold for hundreds, thousands, or even millions of dollars. Some items are very rare, and are very difficult to find in excellent condition. Very often, the sales price of a particular philatelic item is specific to that specific copy at the time of the sale, and the desire at that moment for a particular collector to own it.

All this is very good, and now you probably would like to make your question more specific: What is the retail value of this philatelic item? How much are stamp collectors willing to pay for such a thing if they were looking to buy it? What would be the appraised value of this collection if I planned to ensure it against damage, loss, or theft? I'll address this in the next section.

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What is Retail Value?

In the philatelic marketplace, many items are bought and sold commonly enough that a well-defined philatelic market exists. The average sale price of an item that trades often will remain fairly constant. Prices will fluctuate according to the laws of supply and demand.

The best gauge of the average sale price for a philatelic item that is not considered rare or unique is a philatelic catalog. There are philatelic catalogs that are primarily reference catalogs, such as the Scott Catalogue, and there are philatelic catalogs that are sales catalogs. You must read the introductory material of any catalog that you use to calculate the retail value of a philatelic item. In some cases, the prices are an average of what the marketplace retail price is. In some cases the prices are based on what the publishing company is willing to sell an item for. In all cases, the price given is what you could expect to pay, if you walked into a well-stocked stamp store, and wanted to buy one copy of a specific item.

Most of the time, collections are sold intact, or in smaller lots (such as by country). The larger the lot, the less expensive the price per stamp will be. While the minimum catalog value for a single stamp is twenty cents in the current Scott Catalogue, you can buy 1,000 different stamps for $5.00 (or roughly 2 for a penny), or 10,000 different stamps for $100.00 (or roughly a penny each). A mixture that does not guarantee individuality (no duplication) will sell for even less, per stamp. Stamps purchased on-paper, wherein you have to do most of the work of soaking, sorting, and separating, will often be sold in bulk by the pound. So the catalog price doesn't really tell you what someone has paid, or will pay, for the philatelic item that you are pricing.

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What are Buy Prices?

A dealer's retail price has to cover what he or she paid to purchase the material, as well cost of handling the item. Philatelic dealers, for example, are in business for the purpose of making a profit. If there is no money to be earned in dealing in stamps, there is no good reason to be in business, and they could spend the time working on their own collections instead of selling stamps.

A dealer can purchase stamps wholesale from a philatelic wholesaler. In some cases, the stamps will be ready for sale, in stock sheets or display books, marked with catalog numbers and prices, and ready for the dealer to use. In other cases, the dealer has to do some preparation of the material in order to get it ready for sale.

With collections, very often there are several nice pieces or sections that can command a good sales price by themselves, if they are separated and catalogued and described. The rest is probably not very interesting material and can be broken up into sets, sold as one bargain lot, or perhaps simply scattered into a "3 cents per stamp mixture box". However, the act of taking a collection, picking through it for the items that make nice sales pieces, and then disposing of the rest, all takes time. When a dealer makes an offer for a collection, he/she has to factor in how much time it would take to get a price that is close to the catalog value of that set. Therefore, even if you know the exact catalog value of all the material in a collection that you plan to sell, do not be surprised or dismayed if you are offered only 25% - 30% of your calculated catalog value.

That's just the way it is. Dealers buy low, sell high, and the difference in prices pays for their time, their rent, their supplies, and if they are very lucky ... even a bit of profit. I have spoken with many of the local dealers at shows and in stores ... it's a fun business if you enjoy working with stamps and with people, but it's extremely difficult to earn a good living as a stamp dealer.

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Mint U.S.A. Sheets

In many cases, you will find that many sheets of mint 3 cent U.S.A. postage stamps from the 1930's and 1940's where set aside by speculators who expected their value to rise. In fact, in many cases, these stamps are so common that stamp dealers will pay less than face value (65% to 80%) for these sheets in order to use them as interesting postage on their mailings. It requires much more time to prepare an envelope with eleven 3c stamps instead of one 33c stamp. Of course, philatelists love to receive mail with interesting stamps on them, and an envelope franked with 50-year-old stamps is always a treat. However the mint stamps themselves are usually worth about 3 cents, retail. The catalog price lists them for the minimum price (20c), and if you walked into your dealer looking for a very-fine mint never-hinged copy of Scott #835 you might pay him 20 cents for it ... but don't be surprised if you walk in with a sheet of 100 of them to sell and get offered $3.00 for it, and that because you are a good customer.

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Mint Hitler Head Stamps

New collectors and collection acquisitors often find that they have a collection of stamps from World-War II Germany, all unused, with Adolph Hitler pictured on them. For some reason, people assume that because Hitler was such a nasty character, and so infamous to history, that the stamps from the war years with his picture must be valuable, especiall unused. In fact, these stamps are worth more postally used on cover, than they are in unused condition. There was large-scale looting of German post offices when Allied troops liberated Germany, and many soldiers brought back sheets of these stamps mint. The 1998 Scott Catalog price for the entire set, never hinged, is $15.00 for 24 stamps. That is retail ... you can probably buy it for less. A dealer's buy price for the set would not exceed $7.00 unless he is playing Santa Claus.

There is one Hitler Head stamp that seems to have some value, and that is the 42 pfennig bright green IMPERFORATE stamp. Of course, you will need a regular 42 pfennig stamp as a reference to be sure that someone hasn't simply trimmed off the edges to make it look imperf. Your reference stamp has a minimum catalog value unused, and 50 cents used. The imperforate has a catalog value of $140.00.

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More Information Online

Here is a set of links to other web pages that may help with the question.

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This page was last modified on Monday, 03-Dec-2007 12:53:03 EST.

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